Kshara is one of the dosage forms utilizes in Ayurveda. Apamarga Kshara is prepared from alkaline ash of herbs used in Ayurveda as local and internal therapeutics. In local therapeutics, it is used in the form of Ksharasutra and as Pratisrniya Kashara. It can be also administered for internal use termed as Paniya Khara. Apamarga Kshara is a herbomineral formulation commonly used in anorectal disorders. It is used in various ailments such as warts, polyp, renal disorders calculus, nasal diseases, ear diseases, and leukoderma. The Apamarga Kshara having properties of Ksharana (debridation), Bhedana (incision), Chhedana (excision), Shodhana (purification), Stambhana (haemostatic), and Ropana (healing). Apamarga Ksharodaka is an aqueous solution of Apamarga Kshara useful in the management of warts. Apamargakshara Taila is medicated oil prepared from Acyranthes aspera and sesame oil is indicated in-ear disorder. Hence, a review of the therapeutics aspects of Apamarga Kshara is selected for the study. The present review study aimed to analyze available information from the different databases and published literature to provide information about clinical studies and case reports of Apamarga Kshara. The published clinical data suggest the safety and efficacy of Apamarga Kshara.

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The cancerous process is the result of disturbed cell function. This is due to the accumulation of many genetic and epigenetic changes within the cell, expressed in the accumulation of chromosomal or molecular aberrations, which leads to genetic instability. Cancer is an uncontrolled growth disorder of cells characterized by the formation of tumor, invasiveness, metastasis, and anaplasia. Ayurveda describes a variety of clinical conditions which have approximate similarities with cancer. The disease is a major cause of motility and morbidity across the world. Despite a huge advancement in therapeutic strategies, it is still a major cause of death worldwide. Prevention of cancer is the need of the hour. To explore and understand the modifiable, nonmodifiable risk factors of cancer as well as to find out the various Ayurvedic preventive perspective, this review study has been undertaken. Ayurvedic classics, articles, books, and journals were gone through manually for relevant theories and principles related to risk factors of cancer and how they contribute to cancer. Ayurvedic modalities were also explored, which can help to prevent these risk factors. On exploring different literatures, it was found that mainly under modifiable risk factors-diet, lack of activity, stress, habits (e.g., smoking and alcohol), environmental factors, and unsafe sex with infected personals (human papillomavirus) contribute to cancer. While under nonmodifiable risk factors, family history was found to be a main contributory risk factor.

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Oxidative stress plays a vital role in implicating various pathological conditions in the development of various human diseases. Cow urine therapy has strong scientific evidence for its various therapeutic actions on cancer, oxidative stress, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, epilepsy, inflammation, wound healing, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity as an antitoxic agent and kidney diseases, etc. This shows cow urine derived from animal source as an effective antioxidant very much useful to counteract oxidative stress-mediated diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the research updates on implications of Indian cow urine for its role as a potential antioxidant as a therapeutic alternative in treating various human diseases in preventing and repairing the deleterious damage caused due to oxidative stress. This review helps in understanding the potential role of cow urine as an antioxidant in treating various human diseases triggered by oxidative stress as a therapeutic alternative.

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Background: Perusal of history revels the earliest description of Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus [DM]) is found in Vedic literature of India. The hypoglycemic effect of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. has been date back from the old writing of Ayurveda (Bhavaprakash Nighantu). Objective: The objective is to assess the efficacy of L. speciosa (L.) Pers as an oral hypoglycemic agent. Materials and Methods: The present study is a single group, open label, clinical trial with pre-post follow-up test design on 100 subjects of type 2 DM. Subjects were intervened with L. speciosa (L.) Pers. leaves powder in the dose of 12 g daily in two divided dose ½ h before breakfast and dinner with warm water for 90 days along with advice for standard control of diet and lifestyle modification. The result of the study was determined by the changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1C) level before and after completion of study. Statistical analysis was done using all values which are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and “Z” test. The results were assessed through “P” value. Results: After 90 days of intervention, mean laboratory measured fasting and postprandial blood glucose showed a decrease from 168 and 202 mg/dl to 135 and 166 mg/dl respectively. Reduction in mean HbA_1C was also observed from 7.3% to 6.5%. The rate of shift of grade was observed statistically significant (P < 0.01) in all parameters. Conclusion: Leaf's powder of L. speciosa (L.) Pers. showed significant hypoglycemic effect.

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Plantar psoriasis accounts for 3%–4% of all psoriasis cases and produces significant functional and social disability. Plantar psoriasis is a variant of psoriasis that characteristically affects the skin of the soles with features, i.e.,; hyperkeratotic, pustular, or mixed morphologies. Many of the skin disorders in Ayurveda have been described under the heading of Kushtha (group of skin diseases) and Kshudra Kustha. Vipadika (Plantar psoriasis) is one of the diseases which has been included under the heading of Kshudra Kushtha. In classics, clinical features of Vipadika are cracks (Sphutana) either in palms or soles or in both with pain. A 42-year-old male patient visited our outpatient department with complaints of scaling and fissure of skin of bilateral soles, with bleeding from cracks for 6–8 months. Examination and history lead to a diagnosis of Vipadika (Plantar psoriasis). This case was managed with Virechana Krama (~therapeutic purgation), followed by Shaman Chikitsa (pacifying therapy) with internal administration of Guduchi Churna 2 g twice a day after meal with luke warm water, Panchvalkal Kwath once 4 ml morning empty stomach, with Panchvalkal Kwath wash in sufficient quantity, Triphala Churna Avchurnan (topical dusting of powder) and local application of Jatyadi tail along with Pathya (wholesome regime), and Apathya (unwholesome regimen) for 4 months. The effect of the therapy was assessed by the signs and symptoms before and after the treatment. The treatment modalities showed relief in patient's signs and symptoms. Hence, Ayurveda procedures and medicaments are promising in the management of Vipadika (~Plantar psoriasis).

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Introduction: Sexual health is essential for happy marital life and healthy conception. Vajikarana (aphrodisiac) can be used as preventive and curative method in the sexual health. Various food preparations mentioned under Vajikarana (aphrodisiac) therapy for healthy and diseased. Materials and Methods: The study has been designed as open randomized comparative trial with thirty healthy married males between 25 and 45 years of age which were randomly assigned into three groups, each with ten healthy volunteers. Group A or placebo Group was treated with Amalaki churna 500 mg orally in capsule form once a day with Anupana of Sharkara yukta Dugdha along with healthy sexual lifestyle. Group B was treated with Vrishya Modak 1 Pala or 48 g orally once a day with Anupana of Sharkara yukta Dugdha along with healthy sexual lifestyle, and Group C was treated with Vrishya Pupalika 1 Pala or 48 g orally once a day with Anupana of Sharkara yukta Dugdha along with healthy sexual lifestyle respectively for 3 months. Results: The results were statistically significant on various subjective parameters. In the erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction the greatest improvement were shown in Group B, which improved by 74.28%, followed by Group C, which improved by 36.49%, and Group A, which improved by −1.99%. Conclusion: Based on the observations and outcomes, it is concluded that the result of Vrishya Modak was found better than placebo and Vrishya Pupalika.

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Background: Atherosclerotic plaque formation is a chain of events that begins with fatty streak accumulation followed by monocytes infiltration and lipid core formation. Monocytes/macrophages play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The role of inflammation and atherosclerosis provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the clinical benefits of lipid-lowering therapies in high-fat diet (HFD) induced atherosclerosis rabbits. Identifying triggers for inflammation and uncovering the details of inflammatory pathways may ultimately present new therapeutic targets. H. Rasa maintains the heart by providing cardioprotective activity along with changes in certain inflammatory markers in atherosclerosis. Objectives: The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) in the inflammatory response and how this inflammation triggers the level of white blood cells. The secondary objective is how this Hridayarnava Rasa, an Ayurvedic formulation inhibits the oxidation of LDLc and protects cells from inflammation in HFD-induced atherosclerosis model rabbits. Materials and Methods: Newzealand white rabbits of 24 were randomly divided into 6 groups of 4 animals each. Group I rabbits fed with standard pellet diet; group II rabbits fed with HFD; group III, IV, and V were fed with HFD and different doses of H. Rasa and group VI rabbits were fed with HFD plus Atorvastatin. Results: Total leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, LDLc: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) ratio and total cholesterol (TC): HDLc ratio were increased in group II, III, IV, and VI of 30, 60, and 90 days when compared to group I. The levels of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, LDLc: HDLc ratio, and TC: HDLc ratio were significantly reduced in group IV and V of 30, 60, and 90 days when compared to group II. In the present study, treatment with H. Rasa (group V) (i.e., 41.07 mg/kg. b. wt/p. o) was shown to be most effective over 90 days. Conclusion: These results suggest that HFD accelerates the development of atherosclerosis by increasing the inflammatory markers such as oxidized LDL (oxLDLc) and leukocyte counts in a time-dependent manner and H. Rasa protects the aorta by preventing the oxidative damage of LDLc which inturn maintains the inflammatory markers and provided the anti-inflammatory responses and protects the aorta from atherosclerotic plaque formation in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Limitation of the Study: This study focused on the characteristics of the rabbit lipoprotein pathway and pathophysiology of atherosclerotic lesions via inflammatory markers. This paper primarily determines how H. Rasa protects the aorta from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques caused by oxidative low-density lipoprotein. Further studies will need to focus specifically on the inflammatory pathways and the role of H. Rasa.

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Blood transfusions which were suggested as treatment for beta thalassemia major cases brought down the quality of life by several means like splenomegaly, growth retardation, poor appetite, low hemoglobin (Hb), increased serum ferritin level, etc. In present study the group of 79 patients which were selected were having such symptoms arouse due to repeated conventional blood transfusion. the patient was given Amlavetas (Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch. Ham) dry fruit pulp (5 g) once daily in the early morning on an empty stomach regularly for 6 months without imposing any restriction to their regular food and other medicines for his existing comorbidities. Objective parameters such as Hb (g%), body weight (Kg), loss of appetite serum ferritin (ng/dl), and frequency of blood transfusion were assessed which ultimately help to understand the QoL of the subjects. The Hb percentage after 3^rd month and 6^th month was 6.94 ± 1.57 g% and 6.99 ± 1.52 g% which were significant when compared with baseline values (6.42 ± 1.37 g%, P < 0.001). The serum ferritin was significantly increased (P < 0.005) in the follow up visits when compared with baseline value 3112.13 ± 2801.20 ng/dl. The gain in body weight, increase in appetite and reduced blood transfusion rate indicates the quality of life, revealed by the improvement of his blood parameters including the serum ferritin level. Amlavetas fruit pulps can be a potential iron chelating as well as erythropoiesis Ayurvedic intervention to normalize iron metabolism, relieve thalassemia symptoms, and increase BT intervals with better life expectancy.

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Background: Pakshaghata is one of the diseases of central nervous system, considered as vatavyadhi in Ayurveda which occurs mainly due to vitiation of Vata. The disease pakshaghata can be compared with hemiplegia according to contemporary medicine. The mode of onset is sudden or gradual with the association of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Loss of functions of limbs with or without the involvement of face is observed in this disease. It affects either left half or right half or both sides even. The present study is to evaluate the effect of Mashadi Basti in Pakshaghata. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Mashadi Basti, a type of medicated enema in management of Pakshaghata. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients were selected randomly. They were examined on the ground of Astavidha pariksha (eight-fold examination) from Ayurvedic point of view on the basis on specially prepared data research questionnaire. Selected subjects were administered with kala basti for 15 days and it was followed up of 30 days. Assessment was done through various variables like shareera akarmanyata or chestanivriti (Loss of motor activity), hasta pada ruja (pain in hand and leg), hasta pada sankocha (contraction in hand and leg), sira snayu shosha (rigidity), sandhibandha vimokshana (looseness of joints), and vak stambha (loss of speech), stroke specific– quality life scale, modified barthel index (MBI) and grip test. Results: The study showed that mashadi basti produced a significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) improvement in all the variables like shareera akarmanyata or chesta nivriti, hasta pada ruja, hasta pada sankocha, sira snayu shosha, sandhibandha vimokshana and vakstambha, stroke specific– quality life scale, MBI and grip test. Conclusion: Mashadi basti is found to be effective in Pakshaghata.

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