In Ayurveda, treatment is divided into three categories, Antahparimarjana (Internal), Bahihparimarjana (External), and Shastrapranidhana (Surgical) on the basis of interventions. Acharya charaka categorized Pradeha according to the thickness of application as a Pralepa and Pradeha. In the present review, lepa given in the Aragwadhiya adhyaya is focused and efforts have been made to explore their application on various clinical conditions in other sthana of Charakasamhita. Totally 202 Bahihparimarjana lepa are depicted in entire Charakasamhita. Out of these, a total of 35 lepa are mentioned in the Sutrasthana and 167 lepa are mentioned in the Chikitsathana. Out of which, the majority are mentioned in skin-related, pitta and blood-dominated disorders such as 32 lepa in Aragwadhiya adhyaya and 48, 29, 18, and 13 are in Kushta chikitsa, Visarpa chikitsa, Vrana chikitsa, and Vatashonita chikitsa, respectively. Three categories of bahirparimarjana yoga include 163 Pralepa, twelve Pradeha, and twenty-seven Alepa are differentiated as per the method of application. Contents of the bahihparimarjana lepa mentioned in the Aragwadhiya adhyaya of Sutrasthana, altered in the Chikitsathana on the basis of Nidanapanchaka to have the desired effect on dosha into the different formulations. In Sutrasthana, principles are given in the form of general statements which are elaborated in Chikitsathana. All the lepa mentioned in Aragwadhiya adhyaya can be applied as Pralepa, Pradeha, and Alepa as it is or with modifications according to the condition of the disease in the clinical practice.

Ayurvedic aspects of the psychological development of the progeny should be studied under two major headings – prenatal and postnatal aspects of development. There are various factors which influence the mental state of the gravida and those will successively affect the fetus. A state of contentment is conducive to the health of the fetus, whereas discontent, exasperation, anxiety, and fear of the gravida will influence the fetus dreadfully. The well-designed maternal regimen with dietetic follow-ups, favorable maternal circumstances along developing a specific psychological force, such as desire and temperamental disposition of the mother gives anticipated results on the fetus in respect of its constitution, complexion, sex, and its psychological makeup. The aim and objectives of this study were to understand the Ayurvedic aspects of psychological and temperamental makeup of progeny, to explore the factors influencing the psychological development of progeny as per classical and contemporary science, and to suggest protocol to achieve appropriate psychological health of progeny. Ayurvedic literature and contemporary science on the subject of Garbhavakranti (embryology) were explored and physiological bases for prenatal child development were studied in detail, data obtained were critically analyzed and presented. Ayurvedic literature related to genetics and epigenetics advocates that conglomeration of mainly four procreative factors, i.e., Atmaja (~soul), Rasaja (~nutritional), Satmyaja (~wholesomeness), and Satvaja (~psyche), play a vital role in the appropriate psychological development of the fetus, during the prenatal period. Proper preconception and prenatal counseling, along with good antenatal care and a suitable mode of conduct of mother and father, have a major role in achieving appropriate psychological health of progeny.

Pain is the most common problem in today's busy and exhausting life, and it is one of the grievous problems present throughout the globe because of its high prevalence and fifth vital sign. Fast-acting and quick relief is the preferred way in today's hectic schedule, even though these relief agents such as analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs have adverse effects on the human body. Ayurveda pain management comprises pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches such as Marma Chikitsa, Yoga, and meditation which help in releasing the pain effects without any adverse effects on the body. Marma is combined with an ability to perceive and direct the flow of Prana; Marma Chikitsa becomes a powerful tool in influencing the healing of almost every known ill condition like pain. In this review, the scientific potential of Marma therapy as a nonpharmacological intervention in pain management will be analyzed.

Inflammation is a protective response that develops against tissue injury and infection. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, is the root cause of the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, including cancer. The currently available anti-inflammatory drug therapy is often not successful or causes intolerable side effects. Therefore, the search for anti-inflammatory drugs without side effects has become a dream and ongoing effort of the Pharma companies. The concept and treatment of inflammation are described under Shotha and Shwayathu Chikitsa in Ayurveda. The concept of ama explains the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. This review includes the anti-inflammatory activity of some medicinal plants in acute and chronic inflammatory animal models. Data were collected from existing articles on anti-inflammatory studies from various search engines. Here, a brief overview of some medicinal plants having anti-inflammatory activity along with their doses, used part extract, used animal model, and the result is provided. In this review, it was found that the majority of the selected plants have more or similar effects in comparison to standard drugs, indicating that medicinal plants have significant anti-inflammatory potential. This overview will attract the interest of investigators aiming at the design of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions.

Introduction: Obesity is considered a major public health problem because of its increasing prevalence and risk of other secondary chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders to name a few. Several drugs exist for managing obesity, but they are of passable fleeting effects and in some instances have raised safety concerns too. In addition, dietary supplements have been postulated to promote weight reduction. The best-known fad among many is believed to be Garcinia cambogia to date. Although it is widely used in Asia and Africa, still the use of Garcinia extract remains controversial. Hence, it is imperative to look for new and safer ways to treat obesity. Methodology: The present study was an open labeled randomized clinical study for a duration of 90 days, conducted at All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi. Patients with body mass index >30 to 40 from both gender and age ranging from 20 to 45 years old were included in the study. The intervention for the trial group was Nagarmotha churna (powder of Cyperus rotundus Linn.) which was given orally for three months. Results: The trial group has shown significantly higher weight loss in comparison to Garcinia extract (4.8 vs. 3.02, t value = 4.2, P < 0.05) in the present study. Furthermore, no adverse effects of any intervention were reported in the period of trial. Conclusion: It is concluded that treatment with Nagarmotha churna and G. cambogia extract is useful in reducing weight. However, the trial herb is more well tolerated, safe, and effective for weight management in obese persons as substantiating the fact that the herb used in its classical form have a better result over that of extract used.

Background: Clinical manifestation of Grahani Roga is similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The prevalence of IBS varies from 11% to 14% in India. Due to the wide spectrum of diseases, much prevalence in society, and lack of effective medicines, the disease has been chosen for the trial. Aim: The aim of this study was to study the efficacy of Grahaninigraha Churna in the management of Grahani Roga (IBS). Materials and Methods: Twenty clinically diagnosed patients were selected and administered Grahaninigraha Churna – 4 g two times a day with buttermilk after meal for 30 days. Study Design: It was a single-center, open-label clinical study. Results: Improvement in Muhurbadhdmmahurdravm (alternative loose motion and constipation) and Ajirna (indigestion) was 64.91% and 50.00%, respectively, which was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Grahaninigraha Churna is effective in the management of Grahani Roga (IBS).

Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DM Type 2) is a major health problem in the present era. It is characterized by increased blood sugar level (BSL) with or without some classical features such as polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. In Ayurveda, diabetes comes under a Vatic subtype of Prameha-called Madhumeha (~DM). The present study deals with a newly diagnosed case of Type 2 DM since February 22, 2019, with no family history of diabetes and oral hypoglycemic agent. His BSLs were high with associated symptoms such as pain in multiple joints, burning micturition, and pindikoudvesatna (~cramps while walking/calf muscle pain). Ayurveda-based pathogenesis suggested that the patient is of Kapha-Pittavrit-VataDosha (~a biohumor) is the chief vitiating factor and also vitiation of Meda, Kleda, Vasa, Ambu, and Ojas with Dhatwagnimandya are the co-factor. By considering the Nidana (~etiological factors), Dosha (~a biohumor), and Dusya (~tissue elements), a judicial combination of Ayurveda drugs such as Gokshuradi Guggulu, Gudmar Patra, Jamun Bija, Sudarshan, Nagarmotha Churna, and Chandraprabha Vati was advised to take orally in morning and evening with lukewarm water and proper diet and lifestyle modification was also prescribed. At the time of consultation, his fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) were 377 mg/dl and over 450 mg/dl, respectively, along with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as 16.7%. After taking the prescribed formulation for 4 months, his FBS and PPBS levels came down to the normal range, but HbA1c level declined at 6 months to 6.4%. The prescribed antidiabetic Ayurvedic medicines showed good response by maintaining normal BSLs in a Type 2 DM case.

Afibrinogenemia is an extremely rare inherited bleeding disorder. Less than 100 such cases have been described from India. Beta-thalassemia carrier status (trait) is common in many Indian casts and religious groups; hence, a rare combination of these two conditions can be expected. Here, we report one such case treated solely using homeopathic medicine. The male patient was borne out of a nonconsanguineous marriage. He had delayed separation of the umbilical cord after 14 days and bleeding from the site. In addition, he had multiple bleeding episodes treated successfully by homeopathy since 11 months of age. His thalassemia trait needed no treatment. As fibrinogen concentrate is not easily available, this line of management could also be considered if the concentrate or safe cryoprecipitate is not immediately available.